That is, travel time data recorded from 6:00 to 6:15 were clustered first, followed by those recorded from 6:15 to 6:30, and so on. The clustering process using the k-means algorithm and Gaussian mixture model was carried out based on 15-min consecutive time intervals from 6:00 to 20:00. Individual travel times over Link A and B on 12 November 2013. For Link B, 16:00–18:00 appeared to be peak hours on that day as the travel time during this period was noticeably higher than the other hours.įigure 8.2. The second peak was mainly because of people getting off work in late afternoon, which started with an increase in travel time at around 16:30, reaching the maximum at around 17:00–17:30 and ending with a rapid drop at around 18:30. During the afternoon school zone time period, motor vehicles picking up students from these two schools may join Sandgate road from Pritchard Road or Robinson Road East (State Route 28), causing delay in travel time over Link A.
This is because of the school zone operating times for the Geebung Preschool and St Kevin’s Catholic Primary School, which are located around 500 metres away from Sandgate road. The first peak was between hours from 14:30 to 16:00, where the majority of road users took longer to travel through Link A. For Link A, two peaks can be seen from the plot. As both links are outbound from the Brisbane city, peak hours emerged in the afternoon. Peak and off- peak hours can be seen obviously from the plots. Figure 8.2 displays the individual travel times recorded on 12 November 2013 for different road users on Link A and B.
#Peakhour 4 per device Bluetooth
The locations of Bluetooth MAC address sensors, the lengths of the two links and service/food facilities are labelled on the map shown by Figure 8.1.įor Link A, a total of 3303 valid MAC addresses were scanned and matched on 12 November 2013, and hence 3303 travel times were obtained. Two service stations and a fast food outlet are located along Link A. The speed limit is 70 km/h for both links. Link A is 1.3 kilometres long with two intersections that have traffic lights in operation, while Link B is 1.1 kilometres long with one intersection that has traffic lights in operation. Both links are outbound from the CBD of Brisbane tracking north, and each link has two bus stops. The link from the Pritchard Road intersection to the Zillmere Road intersection is labelled as Link A, while the link from the Zillmere Road intersection to the Beams Road intersection is labelled as Link B. The data used in this study were observed by the TMR on 12 November 2013 (Tuesday), recorded from multiple Bluetooth MAC address sensors which were located at the intersections on Sandgate Road with Pritchard Road, Zillmere Road and Beams Road, in north Brisbane, Queensland. For example, the disparity is so significant that one utility, Southern California Edison, offered an experimental time-of-day pricing structure to BEV owners in exchange for low nighttime rates of $0.04 per kWh, the utility would charge $0.325 per kWh for any power used during the daytime.įor demonstration purposes, we consider travel times that were recorded over two segments of road on a single day.
experience daytime peaks in loads, and nighttime baseload levels are much lower. The use of HEVs for daytime peak power could be most appealing economically for both the HEV owner and the utility. Such an application changes the vehicle from an expense item into a capital investment with a potential return on that investment. Such schemes have already been demonstrated to be technically feasible, and the ability to control such distributed generation resources is the focus of active study by the utility industry. HEVs that are plugged in for recharging could, instead, be providing power back into the grid from their batteries and engine. Reuyl, in Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology (Third Edition), 2003 V.D HEVs Are Also Proposed as Power Generators for the Electricity GridĮlectric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is promoting plug-in HEVs not just as loads for recharging at night but as generators of power for the grid during peak hours, a technology first patented in 1980.
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